Hormonal Causes of Menopause
Hormones Are the Key—And Their Shifts Affect Everything
The primary driver of natural menopause is the gradual decline in hormone production, especially from the ovaries. These hormones regulate your menstrual cycle, fertility, and much more—including your mood, energy, weight, and even memory.
At The Menopause Association, we want you to understand the vital role hormones play in this life stage. This isn’t just about reproduction—it’s about the entire body recalibrating in response to lower hormone levels.
The Three Key Hormones
Estrogen
This is the most well-known hormone affected by menopause. Estrogen supports reproductive health, but also protects bone density, supports cardiovascular function, regulates temperature, and influences serotonin in the brain.
As estrogen levels fall, symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood swings, and memory lapses may appear.
Progesterone
Often called the “calming hormone,” progesterone helps regulate mood, promotes sleep, and balances the effects of estrogen. As levels decline, some women experience anxiety, sleep disruption, or irritability.
Progesterone also plays a role in maintaining uterine health, which is why hormone replacement therapy often includes both estrogen and progesterone in women who still have a uterus.
Testosterone
While known as a male hormone, women also produce testosterone in smaller amounts. It supports libido, muscle mass, energy, and mental clarity. Low testosterone can lead to fatigue, reduced sex drive, and brain fog.
How Hormonal Decline Happens
During perimenopause, hormone levels start fluctuating. You might have months of normal cycles followed by irregular periods and a mix of symptoms. Eventually, the ovaries stop ovulating consistently, and hormone production slows.
Once you’ve gone 12 months without a period, you’re in menopause. Hormone levels stabilize at lower levels, but many symptoms may continue due to this new baseline.
Can Hormones Be Rebalanced?
Yes. Many symptoms caused by hormonal decline can be relieved through hormone replacement therapy, lifestyle changes, or alternative treatments. The best option depends on your symptoms, health history, and personal goals.
The Menopause Association provides resources to help women understand hormonal testing, bioidentical therapy, and natural options for support.